INGLIZ TILI - Articles - a, an | Artikllar

Ingliz tili Kurs +
Mavzu: INGLIZ TILI - Articles - a, an | Artikllar
Matn: Artikl haqida umumiy tushuncha 1. Artikl otlar oldida ishlatiladigan maxsus so‘zlardir. O‘zbek tilida artikl mavjud emas. Artiklning alohida tarjimasi yo‘q. Ot oldida artiklning
ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligining ahamiyati katta.
2. Ingliz tilida ikkita artikl bor: Noaniq artikl (The Indefinite Article) va aniq artikl (The Definite Article).
3. Noaniq artiklning ikkita shakli bor: a va an. An shakli unli tovushlar bilan boshlangan otlar oldida keladi: an opera, an apple, an hour. Qolgan hollarda artiklning a shakli ishlatiladi: a pen, a book, a student.
4. Aniq artiklning bitta shakli bor: the.
5. Noaniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi ān (bir) so‘zidan kelib chiqqan, shuning uchun ham u faqat birlikdagi otlar oldida ishlatiladi.
6. Aniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi the (u, o‘sha) ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, ba’zi hollarda hozir ham dastlabki ma’nosini saqlab qolgan.
7. Noaniq artikl ishlatilganda otning biror turga (sinfga) mansubligini bildiradi.
8. Aniq artikl otni boshqa shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko‘rsatganda ishlatiladi.

                                    NOANIQ ARTIKL

  • a va an birlikdagi ot oldida ishlatiladi. Ular “bitta” degan ma`noni anglatadi.
  • a odatda undosh bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlar oldida ishlatiladi.

a boy, a bad day, a cat, a pencil.

  • an odatda a, e,  i va o unlilari bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlar oldida ishlatiladi.
  • an apartment, an angry man, an elephant, an empty room
  • Agar birlikdagi otdan oldin sifat kelsa, (masalan, small, old)  yoki an

sifatning oldida keladi.

I have a small apartment.                       Menda kichik kvartira bor.

I live in an old building.                           Men eski binoda yashayman.

  • U harfi bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlarda:

(1) Agar u unli bo`lib kelsa, an ishlatiladi:

an umbrella, an uncle, an unusual day.

(2) Agarundosh bo`lib kelsa, ishlatiladi:

university, unit, usual event.

  • H harfi bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlarda:

(1) Agar h talaffuz qilinmasa, an ishlatiladi:

an hour, an honor, an honest person

(2) Agar h talaffuz qilinsa, ishlatiladi:

holiday, a hotel, a high point.

He will arrive in an hoor.                U bir soatda qaytadi.

New Year’s Day is holiday.          Yangi yil kuni bayram.

                                 ANIQ ARTIKL

Aniq artikl (The Definite article) – the – that (o`sha) ko`rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan. U birlik va ko`plikdagi donalab sanaladigan hamda donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.

  • Nomlar bilan THE artiklining ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligi:

THE unvonlar nomi bilan ishlatilmaydi.

Noto`g`ri:  The President Ruslan has been in the news

Geografik nomlar bilan artiklning ishlatilishi:

Geografik nomlar bilan artiklning ishlatilishi ma`lum qoidalarga ega. Masalan, aniq artikl daryolarning nomi bilan ishlatilgan bir paytda ko`llar nomi oldidan qo`yilmaydi. Bitta tog` (yoki bitta orol)ning nomi artiklsiz ishlatilsa, tog`lar tizmasi nomi oldidan, albatta, aniq artikl qo`yilishi shart.

                                 Qit`a va geografik joylar

                             THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI:

America, North America, South America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica; Northern Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, Central America, Southern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia.

                              THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the Western Hemisphere, the Eastern Hemisphere, the Arctic, the Antarctic, the North, the East, the Southwest, the Far East, the Middle East, the North Pole.

Okean, Dengiz, daryo,  kanal,  sharshara, ko`l nomi oldidan       the artikli ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligi:

                               THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the Indian Ocean;the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea;    the Amazon, the Mississippi, the Nile, the Volga, the Amu Darya;       the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, the English Channel,                                     the Victoria Falls, the Niagara Falls, the American Falls, the Canadian falls

                              THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI:

Lake Baikal, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Lake Geneve, Crater Lake;                biroq: the great Salt Lake, the Great Lakes.

                                                 Orollar

                               THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the British Isles, the West Indies, the  Kuril Islands, the  Bahama Islands,  the Azores, the  Canary Islands, the  Philippines.

Tog`, Vulqon, Tepalik nomlari oldidan 

                             THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI:

Everest, Fuji, Kilimanjaro, Elbrus, Mount Whitney.

Capitol Hill, Telegraph Hill

                              THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:                                  

the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, the Ural Mountains,  the Paamirs, the Andes, the Alps.the Black Hills, the Berkshire Hills.

     

Cho`l, vodiy nomlari oldidan 

                             THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the  Sahara, the Kalahari Desert, the Arabian Desert,  the Kara Kum           the Ruhr Valley, the Nile Valley, the Central Valley, the Valley of the Kings

Biroq: Death Valley, Silicon Valley.

Yarimorol, burun

THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the  Kamchatka Peninsula, the Indochinese Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, the Iberian Peninsula.

Biroq: Kamchatka, Indochina.

 THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Cape Horn, North Cape, Cape Canaveral, Cape Chelyuskin.

    Mamlakat, davlat, shtat nomlari oldidan 

                             THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: 

England, Great Britain, Ireland, Holland, France, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Greece, America, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zeland, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Egypt, Morocco, Iran, Turkey, UZBEKISTAN.

                             THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: 

the  United States of America, the  United Kingdom, the  Russian Federation, the  Netherlands, the  Philippines, the  Federal Republic of Germany, the  Republic of Cuba, the  Kingdom of Denmark, the  Kingdom of Spain, the  State of California.

 Shaxar nomlari oldidan

THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI:

Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Cairo, Delhi, Lisbon, London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Tennessee, Ohio, Texas, Tashkent, Rome.

Biroq: the Hague.

THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI:

the City of Athens, the  City of Moscow, the  City of New York, the  City of Oslo, the  City of Tokyo

Ko`cha, prospekt, yo`l nomlari oldidan

THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI:

Main Street, Wall Street, 42nd street, Oak Alley, maple Boulevard, Fifth Avenue, Sixth Avenue, Lexington Road, Highway 66

Biroq: the Arbat, the Mall